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Krotov culture is an indigenous 2nd millennium BCE Bronze Age culture of animal breeders in the steppe and forest-steppe area of the Western Siberia Altai mountainous area of Russia in the upper Irtysh river basin. The Krotov culture is an areal period name for a circle of cultures that include Elunin culture, Krotov culture, Loginov culture and similar cultures with identical or close traits and variations. Krotov culture people engaged in cattle breeding, hunting and fishing. In the territory of the culture were found stone and bronze tools.〔''"Le Petit Fute: Novosibirsk province"''/Michel Strogoff & Ass., City-Guides, Country-Guides; Author A.Yudin; Editor V.Petrov. — Paris — Luxembourg — Moscow, 2000, ISBN 5-86394-104-9〕 Krotov culture embraces the period from the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millenniums to the 13th to 12th centuries BCE. It is a first (pre-Andronovan) period of developed bronze in the Western Siberia.〔Grishin A.E., 2002, ''"Burial rite of Krotov culture: typology of funerary practices"'', PhD Thesis http://www.dissercat.com/content/pogrebalnyi-obryad-krotovskoi-kultury-tipologiya-pogrebalnoi-praktiki-po-materialam-mogilnik (''In Russian'')〕 Some scientists attribute the materials of the Tashkov culture to the Krotov culture people (Kovalev, Chairkina, 1991), with a corollary that Tashkov culture people also had an animal husbandry economy with short-distance grazing. The Tashkov culture people were in regular cultural contact with the population of the Southern Urals, and they also learned metalworking.〔''"Kazakhstan Economy during Bronze Age"'', Summary Review, http://www.altynsarin.ru/referat_rus/3063-xozyajstvo-naseleniya-territorii-kazaxstana-v-yepoxu-bronzy.html (''In Russian'')〕 ==Seima-Turbino Metallurgical Province phenomenon== Krotov culture, along with Elunin, Loginov and similar cultures constituted one component of the Seima-Turbino Phenomenon. The tribes of the Krotov circle cultures were located in the Altai area steppes, forest-steppes and foothills; they were metallurgists and pastoral animal breeders. They developed entirely new designs of socketed weapons, and art images that included horses, oxen, sheep, camels, and more. The other component was located in the area of the Sayan highlands, where lived populations of the southern zone of East Siberian taiga hunters and fishermen. They belonged to the Glazkov, Shiver, and other cultures around the Baikal and Angara River basin, who mastered bronze casting and the manufacture of flint, jade and bone implements, and produced twin blade knives, scraper knives, and saws; their imagery had snakes, elk, bear, and more. The organic fusion of the Altai and Sayan components into a single culture is thought to have occurred in the steppe foothills between the Ob and Irtysh rivers.〔''"Archaeological cultures of early phase of the Eurasian province during Late Bronze Age"''〕 The tribes of the Krotov and related cultures migrated rapidly first to Western Siberia, and then by northern routes to the Urals and Eastern Europe, to the Kama and Oka rivers and along the Volga to its lower course; in the north they spread to the basin of the Pechora and Vychegda rivers, and on to the northern regions of the Finland. 〔''"Archaeological cultures of early phase of the Eurasian province during Late Bronze Age"''〕 Migrations of the Krotov circle culture tribes are traced by typological artifacts found in burials and settlements, the weaponry of knives, celts, spearheads, the casting molds for forked spearheads, and Krotov ceramics, distinct from the artifacts of the local cultures.〔''"Archaeological cultures of early phase of the Eurasian province during Late Bronze Age"'', Summary Review, http://klioman.ru/pozdnij-bronzovyj-vek/kultury-rannej-fazy-evrazijskoj-provintsii-v-epohu-pozdnego-bronzovogo-veka.html (''In Russian'')〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Krotov culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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